![]() He studied economics and later political economics. Erster Teil: Einleitung und kritische Übersicht ( Leipzig, 1897), 276–8 Google Scholar Tobler, Ludwig, “ Zeitschrift für Völkerpsychologie und Sprachwissenschaft”, Neue Jahrbücher für Philologie und Pädagogik 83 ( 1861), 257–80 Google Scholar.UNDERSTANDING ACTION THEORY BY TALCOTT PARSONSĪ Talcott Parsons was born in Decemin Colorado Springs, Colorado. For further critical reviews of Lazarus and Steinthal's Völkerpsychologie see von Hartmann, Eduard, “ Das Wesen des Gesammtgeistes (Eine kritische Betrachtung des Grundbegriffes der Völkerpsychologie) ”, in von Hartmann, Gesammelte Studien und Aufsätze gemeinverständlichen Inhalts ( Berlin, 1876), 504–19 Google Scholar Barth, P., Die Philosophie der Geschichte als Sociologie. Jahrhundert ( Göttingen, 2005), 292–4, 300–4 CrossRef Google Scholar. On Lasson see Jensen, Uffa, Gebildete Doppelgänger: Bürgerliche Juden und Protestanten im 19. ( Hamburg, 2003), ix– xlii Google Scholar Trautmann-Waller, C., Aux origines d'une science allemande de la culture: Linguistique et psychologie des peuples chez Heymann Steinthal ( Paris, 2006) Google Scholar.Ģ7 See Lasson,, “ Review of ‘Zeitschrift für Völkerpsychologie und Sprachwissenschaft’”, Archiv für das Studium der Neueren Sprachen und Literaturen 27 ( 1860), 209–16 Google Scholar, who poked fun at Lazarus and Steinthal's programmatic article that opened the first issue of their journal and dismissed Völkerpsychologie as a misnomer, as did many other critics. Jahrhundert ( Würzburg, 2001), 39– 67 Google Scholar Köhnke, C., “ Einleitung”, in Lazarus, M., Grundzüge der Völkerpsychologie und Kulturwissenschaft, ed. Glenn and Bunzl, Matti, eds., Worldly Provincialism: German Anthropology in the Age of Empire ( Ann Arbor, 2003), 47– 85 Google Scholar von Graevenitz, Gerhart, “ ‘Verdichtung’: Das Kulturmodell der ‘Zeitschrift für Völkerpsychologie und Sprachwissenschaft’”, in Assmann, Aleida, ed., Positionen der Kulturanthropologie ( Frankfurt-am-Main, 1994), 148–71 Google Scholar Kalmar, Ivan, “ The Volkerpsychologie of Lazarus and Steinthal and the Modern Concept of Culture”, Journal of the History of Ideas 48 ( 1987), 671–90 CrossRef Google Scholar Köhnke, Klaus Christian, “ Der Kulturbegriff von Moritz Lazarus-oder: die wissenschaftliche Aneignung des Alltäglichen”, in Hoeschen, Andreas and Schneider, Lothar, eds., Herbarts Kultursystem: Perspektiven der Transdisziplinarität im 19. ( Tübingen, 1971–1986) Google Scholar Bunzl, Matti, “ Völkerpsychologie and German-Jewish emancipation”, in Penny, H. Hence Völkerpsychologie was not a German oddity, but an integral part of the debates that led to the establishing of the modern social sciences, as its French reception shows.ġ0 On Lazarus and Steinthal see Belke, I., ed., Moritz Lazarus und Heymann Steinthal: Die Begründer der Völkerpsychologie in ihren Briefen, 3 vols. Some of the best-known French academics and intellectuals of the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries-Théodule Ribot, Célestin Bouglé, Ernest Renan, Alfred Fouillée, Emile Durkheim, and Marcel Mauss-commented extensively on the works of Moritz Lazarus, Heymann Steinthal and Wilhelm Wundt, and developed their concepts of a “social science” that would reach beyond traditional philosophy, philology and history in a close dialogue with their German colleagues. Moreover, the reception of Völkerpsychologie was not restricted to German academics: it was in France where central elements of Völkerpsychologie had the most profound effect on scholars who tried to establish a social science. ![]() The relevance and importance of Völkerpsychologie can be gauged from a list of scholars and intellectuals who discussed its merits as well as its problems. Irrespective of its academic credentials, Völkerpsychologie was a symptomatic approach during a transformative period in German, and indeed European, intellectual history: based on the idea of progress-both scientific and moral-and on the belief in the primordial importance of the Volk, it represented the mindset of “ascendant liberalism” in an almost pure form. This article reconstructs French readings and debates of German approaches to Völkerpsychologie.
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